漫谈秘书写作的逻辑结构

7 ~/ y/ d. H: V: U mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, ' D( A, ]( t% ^宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, ( v1 s& _2 ?, c9 j; H" ?' ? font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 1 _+ M4 \6 A' }* W0 M"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 1 B+ E. o$ k. B 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,7 u E" v$ [7 q$ p2 w font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: & x$ N% I% x/ h# {. P"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。

+ @- q8 M- b/ ?4 C# W 4 d- W- j0 I8 ^, M4 X

 

3 b: g4 W! i8 M

8 R) V H; w; ` o9 H& T+ y mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 7 f3 k$ y* M. a" B7 Y) x; b 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, ; U# g# {. f( i, P* j jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 6 @; W6 I# s' I, N/ r"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题, , m0 ?% u% g- {- ?; a' {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, + m# I$ k$ I$ }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 8 E" x2 G- K! Y5 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: , ?' ]9 W, w7 q# E. R"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 2 G1 J1 N* @7 q* X& c2 m3 _ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 8 {. f! [* }: d 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。

) d/ W) T2 X# v# d4 }

 

& x( R" s* [% S# M) V; o; L, b# H 5 W* P6 U0 ?0 U. B

a0 j/ L9 S( }0 h/ O4 I7 ] 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因, + L) T1 `# Y1 f9 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 2 w# i8 T) _" F6 o- ~/ X"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构

- t* r2 F" Q5 W: D4 P+ q* e

 

* k3 _. y2 j: a4 H2 [( o

% E& F# G2 @- B" k+ ~5 I5 ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, / o4 L( ]+ j+ {8 d2 V% e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ # ]; r( U( x) X! |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 7 L: z3 v: z" x2 |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 7 R" ^1 ^" h1 N- u( H( o$ M, C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 8 E b2 }0 S {! M. N' Q 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ) V& b( Y9 P3 |% Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">前者为因, 5 V+ M6 |/ J. } }# ] mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ( U. d" u7 ~7 [& ?% R. kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联, ' _& z5 k5 J* e8 V% i4 Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 9 l8 d5 f* o& T- |1 ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, # a' E/ A8 m2 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: . g% E4 z) \% V* P9 g, U9 H5 s"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 6 D$ e T, ?! G4 e* Q8 H 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: . n. Q0 k8 [8 w% @( V; q$ L/ b font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 2 V: r- O5 l# w) U1 u8 i# w9 G- C"Times New Roman"">“ `, R0 P+ C6 G mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? , W) h2 }# J' F) f2 \ 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 7 Y8 A( G' G* v I# Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, + U$ m% V* {' a/ gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: * `0 t( S1 ^; Z! W"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪: 9 I- a+ V: }9 i) x* M mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。

8 a* [4 [- N- W- |* Y( X

 

8 C; u5 U0 S0 d 8 v, a- P2 f. Q

2 {+ y: d8 T! E* Z3 _/ ^* y" T, k0 U, Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ( i T& T: ]3 U# ~, l2 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 7 P/ m8 b- H5 H* e& j5 j+ q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ! _9 \" ^6 x1 }% A! x. ~% _" x! g"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚, + z; N) m1 y: P- D4 O" ]+ G4 e& V/ `8 c4 U3 b; [8 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, & s0 B( G# X) m' L3 u: |( H- a+ V font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: + k4 ?' @' g8 R1 x"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 9 l/ g- Z8 @. \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 2 K4 E8 n* x5 @8 S) ]! w. g mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里, O1 }* }3 d; S/ Z5 I7 Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ; D4 u. a# P" a, ^3 t" Y7 o/ amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(6 y; N1 J# U% f 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), / v0 [9 f! ~& l$ J; e @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: * U$ ]% m- e! w" L! d! m% f% h"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用! g; J6 ?+ `9 K& y 12.0pt">, ! j+ c( C% q( o; d "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, : |# F; E1 }, I- _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 4 m4 Y/ e% Y" d; Y- y" K"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 5 i$ c8 a' r# j# P' lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!+ p, V. `6 x: U5 y4 I" D7 z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, - ~* I K5 J, Z3 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: " r# Z6 j+ `: n* \ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, # j6 u! @9 Y& [/ ? k1 Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, / L9 H. D3 x. u8 B* D9 k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: & J4 T7 a x$ K) i"Times New Roman"">“ " s$ |( Y) G' j; ^% dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车” D0 m3 N5 W, K f 12.0pt"> 2 v; P x6 ]8 A. B/ D/ b "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。

$ r* h v6 J; g+ o! C 8 s! y) I; V" f7 H2 _- N& \

 

1 v m6 ]; W" o K5 p! a8 { " H8 S b, g3 C0 q; F

$ O- @8 F0 S" i' a6 y1 c ]1 a% B mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, ; V" O: z, U# O) w+ C# c" w" w# Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 8 |6 H P) S4 Z. ]3 I& [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">即果溯式, . J9 w' R; x4 @* Q5 D6 emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, - p- C H( ?+ ] 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 0 T( L& ?) y! D9 t6 _+ ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ , \7 ?% O k5 ?( _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” - L3 a& b S1 R& J: q# T/ Y' ^) e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。

0 W" ]' A! a2 q5 K. B5 \3 N

 

8 g1 x: K2 `, e& n- K; v3 c+ X: p% ~ 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣, - P# m4 \+ X+ p) @( L6 H: X5 z) A( W$ Z! y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构

: R- _ H7 Q7 Q! A; Y$ I

 

7 {1 j R) X9 C7 g. l 8 ~0 |7 N& a" n

, ~ Z/ e2 ]6 v, x8 K mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, & h* U0 E# |* L; q$ \* D- R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, & X }: `( I) E1 Y. X1 i5 O3 ?+ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: " N* ^$ y* w" p+ w"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素, " c9 e: ^; ?) ^4 t5 S; h( W" }" N' b! | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 3 `4 y( }# Z0 E6 ^7 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 8 e2 w$ k1 _) \"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,: V# `% x" ?: n- U& f 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 4 z3 T) ?6 z# @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: + Y( c4 S6 @$ p"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题9 w& z- {; J, [4 v3 T12.0pt">: E; y, p! f p2 [4 U6 @"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: + [ E E3 M1 d: X N2 p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 8 j6 T- q: O+ `9 b7 K" ["Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才/ N6 v$ d3 C" O 12.0pt">, : {% v" |7 J' V" S5 Y3 f "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ! t0 O3 f9 z, h! ?# A7 P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 7 y$ l, i* D+ m y+ t0 l"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 2 H. W, a5 I! E4 h. \ L; ]! cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 6 E. Y: _: a. k1 e5 j1 i( v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 3 c4 K- s5 X# v2 K4 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题' d" ~+ ?/ G' |12.0pt">; ; y/ W q6 j3 x$ H+ h; S2 m"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 8 q$ }9 q1 B/ @ b* b( mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求3 H' j1 N( A. q: p 12.0pt">: 9 k' w/ p1 x8 i/ W- a2 {# B& y' r "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; - q/ z/ b: Z8 r; `' Y# Z4 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 8 t8 d3 H1 z! W+ U. b, W"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, & M/ H: O% U; \8 S/ ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, * y p+ a) W5 v$ R U) k Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 2 o* |2 Z j- W- M! U- i"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统 a2 C$ z0 Y: h' C: v 12.0pt">:

 

' [8 Z% u- N9 W

# w& a+ {5 f) {7 ?$ J- W. S. F5 P mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 9 N7 n, }; R6 G% X1 w, y4 i" j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” # d& z; A% r# Z: o% @+ d- k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕

 

# n0 d3 u3 ?# K- K3 z8 U; q/ Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">

游客，如果您要查看本帖隐藏内容请回复

+ D9 I, N/ {9 W& z 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">

2 ?0 A0 j6 A" U9 x - }8 m* b* {* {; Y& F; q

 

. a# b4 f$ Q' j7 k

7 C0 Q1 K3 a( v" F6 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总, : Q8 Y& e! l. @3 t8 b. R6 p9 w5 N7 z. `: z* ]. n7 j. N font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构

; ]* ~* m; N6 j% A B1 `; W% K; Y

 

7 W6 y1 n" `3 e7 L* r 3 L% _1 O# l6 G/ `: S0 q7 a' o

3 ?' c/ H1 B# T7 q$ L, L' ]/ B mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ; t% c( G9 M0 f* T font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 9 d) s4 C% N+ t: W1 q 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 7 r" t' D3 T. `+ T) c, b5 }& I5 Z! H font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思, 9 i0 A/ }; Y, I1 D9 o% Q! a9 Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, / F7 d) J: ?0 Q/ a% N7 Y" u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, ) S' [6 ~2 `$ P2 m mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, ! ~5 K' L! D$ ^( e+ o7 w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: % W" V* `! I$ H7 F( Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: / l: f. \/ H5 ["Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, $ |, X9 K6 v1 U9 q4 tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, + E9 a. T3 }8 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ) u& |9 F: ^2 i& N 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。

( A* H8 V8 t* K" L" X

 

: Q" P1 ~) u1 d& i# y 1 U5 J8 m) a3 Y

+ l9 O- z' q5 J& w7 `; wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,# P' \$ j7 o& J+ x font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定, |+ H+ c, x {6 D+ u12.0pt">, % r1 T" b. B C! K7 O9 c "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, - }! H& o0 U' A& c$ B# i" v% {& B font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:* e7 G6 ]2 ~8 x" I$ l9 W Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 5 a2 P# d% Z9 w7 B 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 0 L5 R- }5 v3 |/ |5 K& x4 F4 I font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: * j+ i* V& d/ o1 w2 ~"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 8 A4 y- f, S/ ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, % Y( y* A d* x- T$ ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: . {2 j) m M p1 |& @: s" z7 B 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 1 S: }' b; _' h/ g+ F! n6 o 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, $ i# k/ {7 s7 T. b9 k9 |/ P9 D4 p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ! B0 `- j- r/ }+ ]& O"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊