跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

3 [2 y! m; l' E: umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: : z% [! c" ~6 f! x- s o2 nTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网 @3 ]% o# ^8 M. z8 v5 N: E# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ& d( }" Z7 m$ t6 j, f% e' g( Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 W: ?0 i( a8 ^% ^7 _7 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。0 Q) j5 n, m3 l/ b5 u mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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m1 g2 v! A# a 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

0 w4 D$ v' f" n3 t D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：7 J3 J. ]3 ?- {6 {( ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">

0 g' Z2 c; n" G7 Y5 q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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2 M5 r% r3 C# v& E+ a1 ` J5 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! H# R0 H' \/ ]5 r( Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 f B7 @' [7 j3 w7 ]& J' Q, \! Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">5; }# _! c* ?4 u! y- L9 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & u+ @ Y* y4 w$ w0 d } h; H$ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：+ X2 N5 N" d. S, u8 i mso-font-kerning:0pt">

2•5 2 I* q& g) O0 t, S# a& FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , E& O9 R' C. S1 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：- h! Y9 B% r; Q0 A/ I/ w0 g mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. w! q; E u1 J- P# Z+ a1 @/ ~ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & s! H9 _. }" f* `% l/ o" x" l" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。% M' M2 W b: ^- Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 M6 T& F- h- ~3 c" y$ z9 Bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：& ]; Z) `! I8 K# M3 |) x( D7 k mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ } p5 k6 v6 J, z e0 p( j0 l$ `mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & V7 Z' W* o- X1 e1 T. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。' z! ]( W" {, e$ r, B( tcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( P; W; j% L# d: HTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：% f/ U, D: N9 M q mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 [, u/ ~3 s0 M/ e7 B6 p+ F5 v4 Jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？. F. q8 t: {" \: emso-font-kerning:0pt">”# O5 a6 b; I' P! nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* ]% m) F& e, L$ K9 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 N0 `( s: }+ ^) N# Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 S H$ `9 e, u dcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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1 S9 ?' ^' m6 ?% k 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
2 N/ r" U# ~8 A9 \" `) P# Y Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / i4 L0 N3 h4 B, g ]0 F2 amso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。8 m" x( s# |; F4 {, K- l mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 U' Q3 n. z& {4 R6 e9 Z$ @Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ) J7 t! A: m# R8 ^, v0 c( Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：3 X. W3 ?( O, B- T* N0 G3 K 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& h2 F" n; ~/ J) G& A3 g: V7 @ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; # M" c! {! N+ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 G6 q$ W' N* m" u9 Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% [$ I. x8 m/ I7 }2 t# e mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ) o, N+ j3 x2 n/ }) p, e+ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：, Y$ D9 j, X2 t6 k; a* g 0pt">"6 I- R, V0 i& N6 d2 s: Amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 1 s; \! g! e/ DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。$ s- {' f+ @( \* J- T- q4 R mso-font-kerning:0pt">", P, m! |6 j& S3 a- N8 { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：% ?; C, j7 I& v1 S# u$ D mso-font-kerning:0pt">" z2 @4 q9 p5 I4 X4 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 G: N' E3 F) K7 |: r, x$ ?' c mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" , V2 W- d, d+ C7 O2 T! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , i* b. w$ J" K1 u" gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：' n% u3 }+ Z, v, p' H$ q mso-font-kerning:0pt">" a0 B9 c9 u0 R* Q" v# Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* [, T0 q( N6 M' M mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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! h0 i8 h# l) x' J+ z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
8 l, r1 S6 l8 \, R9 V10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是1 n9 t: {8 X5 q5 m/ K+ i7 {, f5 h10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- {& V. ?- P5 {2 N2 v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! u% |9 \' _- h% h8 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 |8 \0 a( ]0 i, X10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! w" o& c( Q1 L; H. [+ j9 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; l+ e2 k8 F& vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？# [, {$ l: X; C1 P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

, n! G" ^* h" d1 t 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
1 H$ D- p% Z+ E1 C! G& U) [- J( g" d* u$ E w Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , v6 ?! L8 F0 b0 T8 S. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得. G' X7 ~9 } emso-font-kerning:0pt">“# u1 b8 D$ W+ l7 Z4 _* h" s. C8 s4 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 [$ t" p: d7 T4 b5 D mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ X4 O' C8 j7 F! |6 W font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲( ?0 g6 z% Z2 G5 Z: U- g! J; H! kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 g' K" K b: ?: \, H font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; G0 z% R: V+ R/ |, A* x9 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ W9 u g. ~, c7 d- l5 _ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 O9 q: z8 i ^, ]( _5 j. K0 w font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，. V3 [3 u6 F. ?+ K& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 r" x7 B5 l2 P0 v4 C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; T+ W3 z+ J3 c- O5 y6 j: ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。# m/ K, C- ]3 z$ ?# `+ c" R/ C1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 Y' m" G- d0 G' j9 a" J4 O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。. u1 \& [: s+ N& A9 v7 ]- C" m mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 C" X6 o; c. `1 }* p( A, u5 S# T% K: a. T( _' U 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . m, E2 V, X3 R$ Y$ g. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？: u" l \. M7 ]/ o+ ^: B# ~6 h10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& }7 M; \5 @; h5 I S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
F! R7 O: S, A) y4 F( s9 q; ?4 w6 f0 STahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; # W( o0 L1 _: ]9 @. wmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 r6 M, e3 j$ w2 \- J. C( Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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H5 m! z+ L4 e! Q2 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' m. ], ]1 M, C% B4 {0 G8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：7 o- m+ M. L+ T, c mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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/ S( S8 o1 p3 @ f( u' {mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义# h) R2 r8 j9 W' e+ h u mso-font-kerning:0pt">
: ^* C' P1 j9 J& K* R Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！+ m4 [" e1 [( O) i$ ~ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 ~) a+ {7 s) ]& R) G5 Qmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 8 A3 K1 \( |; }' q( K- M/ STahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：$ Q6 m$ |( P' o( |$ T6 E 0pt">

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/ j5 B' v, u. t+ I" g: I& i$ L mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: + U6 k$ H) p: T1 x UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！# D$ z, T4 ~9 @# L% I5 R0 _( T# Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 D+ i7 q1 w5 ~$ l font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。; [2 b k" D D# V mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: n0 H6 @4 P7 Emso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! x0 _7 r2 m" l% N* `mso-font-kerning:0pt">2, L( I+ U( a4 w y* B9 M# s0 a9 l+ mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & {( b( a6 i6 S: Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊+ T, ]% `/ o. M# J3 O5 z {; h mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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! p- ?. v( u \& V, @$ t" [( o% U" c: _mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 1 B, k9 o# ^" R! O3 ?+ M8 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。, X6 X9 {4 ]/ X( E0 K) r1 e* p( jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) b: I! _/ M. T) }! r% i4 S2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 e/ v. j7 V q. a* t/ `" Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 k6 V) o3 r( A: ?! N6 @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">——' h/ @- H& k6 C( e4 E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：" J5 s1 U2 E- c3 V8 P# \# p mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( y8 ], m# G0 O+ A: d font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。* v+ n' y0 H+ s( b; U5 I mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 b% j$ I/ h; e; kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个# s: g9 L. ~# P& m5 _" F$ t3 g mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; h0 p0 J# B* [5 g! o' w font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) n& m9 D1 U, Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬0 Z/ J7 w) d3 e! Y* b/ I" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, v0 @! P# o8 f font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * ?3 A7 B0 i! F9 X8 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为! w! n. O# y* H3 M$ v% ~. e mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ~: S2 W9 A$ ]; I, N% S2 r) k7 ? font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / x. ~8 ?! z. F8 A2 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道; g9 @. b r, L mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 Q9 }8 \; V" J* M font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。4 h/ C4 P8 I+ s; _7 @" Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服