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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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- v5 f4 F; d: k5 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( K- d( G; T3 Z" B9 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">22 m3 G% |2 Y4 a- f7 u+ a3 O4 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：8 z/ m3 u$ ^! f c8 A- }0 e! V Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">" T2 O( f* C2 _1 Q# j, X5 ]; f, s
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5 |4 E6 T a( ~& xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' p% w4 K- S* {; d' i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。: _2 T2 Z/ y6 f1 F5 J: C7 O ]
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" E6 P: [3 a/ L% Q8 P9 K0 ^2 |- Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# C/ V1 m: z5 t6 \; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">•" A5 V9 q; i# A" K, C9 ^. vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: F; U. g) }' h, K2 r0 |
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' B8 ~ Z) C% I; a7 j ?2 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。" {. W! }2 ?. E6 i2 p& ^7 J
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) K. z5 O5 j2 ^# V& j6 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：8 D+ ~8 Q' U' h8 M% O' b
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& o; m* G; u8 U% L8 s3 ]4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是7 s/ Z3 U R6 V) V. s) d0pt">‘3 N4 T4 f @3 q4 }Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 B% |. H: D* ]; V0 Y9 C
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3 D) W9 U. y* o3 ^7 u+ o; D- F& c- eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. z% G, r& k+ q. G) g+ _; h0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，& d( c* s+ e, e2 g V
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: w# u( q- e- q# O! ?( s Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' h' o$ [3 M4 S9 mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! c) ?8 e0 p+ U! X
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# ]+ f( h! z4 M4 ?& _; HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 E2 W9 \9 ~' x7 g3 U0 i0pt">“' o- A( b7 x' k# k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐: Q0 F1 E& B! L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" @& q* C8 u, ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种" d% v" A) `, T& p' @" o" C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的4 E g+ e5 D4 K! u K/ N4 _/ J
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& _; {- I3 N2 y- imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐. P5 Z8 I( r1 {- a* ~/ v! jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# H. O4 X/ w# K2 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* _' z$ X' a. a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，6 Q; g- M! _% l! N; r
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* R$ y" J- `8 ~* Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教8 ^" t% ^. R7 H1 m
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8 i) ]; m; Q5 A% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。7 d7 u5 ?4 e$ A# A2 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌! O$ |' Y& b+ v4 |" g6 c$ C/ E0 _1 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">3055 j" A3 G( q) ~' `: q+ h4 K; Q7 N
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) L$ _1 R" b+ m- v4 Y# A' }7 H* Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视, ?- S' i( v, W. p$ {8 Y g7 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：2 k4 L* ]! B8 V; C3 v/ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语( z4 J; |3 c) r) V5 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）9 T8 Z( R+ f | f9 T$ \& u$ n
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$ j6 k" y3 Z; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。: q% S' W: ?' g: {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过; Q% o& Z$ F5 b, O r* P/ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" C) y: }) m% b3 S9 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& {7 d) I$ Q% V. [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨) \0 @! t4 f% t9 O/ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ G1 B7 d& u6 M; A0 X
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6 K' T5 r! e0 C M Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人% [6 @9 t4 j+ [! G7 E# i/ Z' e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。- o9 I+ {9 [8 ]' m! gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 A) w, U* }6 V- a3 j& m
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- l) o; D3 s) Z. q! f/ KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' h( K5 s: P1 ?! X E* V5 z. @
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' i& _4 v* Y7 S; Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 w- t! L. L: P- Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> R; ?. X* R, s$ V7 J+ t; r
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/ A, T" w. `6 J. kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。% d4 g1 T$ Z4 o6 W6 j
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% f8 {2 w9 m( y4 C: j& y( `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃# O" e1 K* S4 L# qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, H- x, r: x Q! u1 O9 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! m' O' f* N( F0 z& J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批) L g. Q3 s( ^, E
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( j" o9 ^) o) M1 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”# C4 F5 P7 [ Q5 F
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; j% W5 \0 @* |3 @3 T# wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。# X0 o& Y n% \6 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 ^0 m5 x4 @0 t, {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。& i: P O* V/ [6 \+ ~3 C, umso-font-kerning:0pt">”% T: r4 V6 O& w! rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 k [$ y f5 g0 f+ b. n; Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于. u1 q( I# ?# j+ s; l! h
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: K. R. ~/ `6 _- f, jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓) G+ {" g0 O! e3 p. Q# K) |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓& P# v" y }6 l: h, ^7 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 e: M4 y& x# X, ^% C. [, p
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) U$ D, ^5 B1 T. N- hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓+ b: S& a8 x$ K/ D% y! r1 a
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7 `9 s. \8 u* s; cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群# F2 R) [- y* {- c" z) pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 M+ B H& ?. `/ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓& D; J; o: f; g$ ?) }
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. D' o G6 w0 l+ A4 n8 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼9 Z6 k* @/ a9 n, \' d8 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤9 H6 B* s/ ~3 k+ C: w
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" g+ u9 k) w5 y5 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" X+ _! {( \" @6 R4 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">.( Y9 r0 N0 @3 B9 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 o K' n3 M" R4 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能! [4 a3 S2 J6 ]/ z, \2 B( xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ l, O ?3 s. G# E. G" A9 y1 n7 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 P- D Y0 z$ G G$ r: B9 ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒/ O$ c6 g7 y, {7 ]6 t4 T! Q- X
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: q* q4 f# ^% w Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹 @' {. \ a* ]4 S* D4 V! r5 D
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7 u U) ]5 Z* m' r; e- Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人1 k# l" w7 k/ \7 I& `0 q
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, c- p- v/ c& U, o+ o# [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ R7 B+ u$ A K: w3 u* Q* C9 ?% tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) `: |! o+ N j
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* t4 E8 Y9 h; u* Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 U0 M' j4 @6 m5 J& H* Q: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">.# r. o8 |( j6 P( Y; o8 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- T3 J) A, {3 V' r7 h- |4 O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。* P! e6 z- ]2 J4 r# j% N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。! t5 }# k2 B3 q3 W0 [
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9 D1 ~# ]% v8 a) j, yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。; @5 t" m8 _/ Q
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, u( X0 ?- U _1 G( h& L- lTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：* V! t! L8 y9 h% A2 V/ A0pt"> 1 l, e; X. D7 a% f# | v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱: k8 T) U3 z @, h4 a0 ~+ qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - r' d3 ?& n8 \$ ]; e
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2 W/ q* l6 @ D2 _5 D! r; ~1 z, g7 j9 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧1 _* Q2 O r& w1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> - I0 T( @; V* o0 C
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